Introduction ................................................................................................. 481
Stress and Strain Computation
482
8.1
Finite Element Method .................................................................................. 483
8.2
Element Types .............................................................................................. 485
Element Dimension and Degree of Freedom (DOF)
485
Element Order
486
H-Elements Versus P-Elements
487
Element Aspect Ratio
487
8.3
Meshing ........................................................................................................ 487
Mesh Density
488
Mesh Refinement
488
Convergence
488
8.4
Boundary Conditions ................................................................................... 492
8.5
Applying Loads ............................................................................................ 502
8.6
Testing the Model .......................................................................................... 503
8.7
Modal Analysis ............................................................................................. 506
8.8
Case Studies ................................................................................................. 508
Case Study 1D: FEA Analysis of a Bicycle Brake Lever
509
Case Study 2D: FEA Analysis of a Crimping Tool
511
Case Study 4D: FEA Analysis of a Bicycle Brake Arm
513
Case Study 7: FEA Analysis of a Trailer Hitch
516
8.9
Summary ..................................................................................................... 518
8.10 References ................................................................................................... 519
8.11 Bibliography ................................................................................................. 519
8.12 Web Resources ............................................................................................ 519
8.13 Problems ...................................................................................................... 520
xiv
MACHINE DESIGN -
An Integrated Approach